بحث حول العلامة عبد الحميد ابن باديس بالانجليزية
Abdelhamid Ben Badis
Contents
Biography
Education
Albelhamid Ben Badis was of an old town middle-class family, which claimed descent from the Zirids, a Berber Muslim dynasty founded in the 10th Century by Bologhine ibn Ziri. Ben Badis grew up in a scholarly and religious household and as a result memorized the Quran at the age of thirteen.
He was still very young when he was placed under the tutorship of
Hamdan Lounissi. Lounissi had a significant influence on the youth of
Ben Badis. Ben Badis never forgot Lounissi's counsel. Lounissi remarked
to him "learn science for the sake of science, not for the office."
Lounissi was a stalwart defender of the rights of the Muslim inhabitants
of Constantine. Lounissi extracted from young Ben Badis a promise to
never enter into the service of France (the Colonial power in Algeria).
Pilgrimages and study
At the Zeitouna University
In 1908, Ben Badis, decided to begin his first trip in order to
advance his learning. He traveled to Tunis and enrolled at the Zeitouna
University, which was, at the time, a great center of learning and
knowledge, particularly in the Islamic fields of studies.
At the Zeitouna University, Ben Badis horizons widened. He learned a
great deal of the Islamic Sciences and Arabic Language. He met many
scholars who left an indelible mark on his personality and his knowledge
of Islam. The teachings of Sheik Mohammed Al-Nakhli convinced him on
the need to purge Muslim communities of deviant or incorrect religious
practices such as the cult of saints. Sheik Muhammed Al-Taher Ben Achour
influenced Ben Badis in finding his appreciation of the splendor of the
Arabic language. With Sheik Al-Bachir Safer, Ben Badis developed an
interest in contemporary and past problems of Muslim communities,
including finding a response to Western colonialism and dealing with its
socioeconomic after-effects.
In 1912, he was awarded a degree. He spent another year at the Zeituna University as a teacher.
In Medina
Abd al Hamid Ben Badis (on the left) and Tayeb El Oqbi (on the right)
Ben Badis then embarked on a pilgrimage or Hajj to Mecca and spent three months in Medina (the Prophet's town) and started giving lessons to pilgrims and residents in the Prophet's mosque, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi.
In Madinah, Ben Badis met Muslim reformist Sheik Bachir Al Ibrahimi.
They met regularly to formulate a clear plan for Islamic reform in
Algeria. This was the start of a long friendship which spurred the
Islamic Reform movement In Algeria into a position of prominence and
influence. Another Reformist, Sheik Husain Ahmed Al-Hindi
also residing in Madinah was impressed by Ben Badis' competence and
knowledge. He urged Ben Badis to return to Algeria and work to uproot
the ills of Maraboutic
ideas, ignorance of Islamic knowledge and to deal with cultural and
religious decline among the Muslim population of Algeria under French
occupation.
After leaving Madinah, Ben Badis visited Syria and Egypt. At the Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo, he met with renowned scholars of literature and Islamic sciences.
Return to Algeria
In 1913, Ben Badis returned to Algeria and settled in Constantine. He
started teaching at the Sidi Qammouch mosque. The teachings were
destined for men, women, children, and adults. He gave people education
in Islamic sciences, Arabic language, literature, and history. It was at
this point that Ben Badis conceived the idea of establishing a Muslim
organization of religious scholars and leaders.
In 1936, Ben Badis played a role in the founding of the "Algerian
Muslim Congress" (CMA). This congress was disbanded the following year
in the summer of 1937 and shortly after Ben Badis established and led
another organization: the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulema.
In addition to working against deviations in the correct practice of
Islam, Ben Badis and his fellow members of the Association strove to
save the Algerian culture from being eclipsed by French values and
morals.[1]
Ben Badis and other Islamic scholars resisted the suppression of
Algerian patriots; working as a journalist during those years he
regularly denounced fascist propaganda and anti-Semitic intrigues of the
French occupiers.
Ben Badis was one of the most prominent Algerian Islamic scholars.
With the aid of his contemporaries and associates he criticized Maraboutic practices and had a great influence in the creation of an Islamic conservative subsection of Algerian society.[1]
On April 16, 1940, Ben Badis died in his birthplace of Constantine.
He was buried in the presence of 20,000 people and his funeral took the
aspect of a gigantic humanistic demonstration; anti-colonialist and
democratic; the very principles practiced in the life of this large
Algerian hero.
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